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Development of tooth

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DEVELOPMENT OF TOOTH INTRODUCTION * The primitive oral cavity or stomodeum, is the line by the stratified squamous epithelium called the oral ectoderm. * The oral ectoderm contacts the endoderm of the forget to form buccopharyngeal membrane . * At about 27 day of gestation buccopharyngeal membrane reptures and the primitive oral cavity established a connection with the foregut . * Most of connective tissue cells underlying the oral ectoderm are of neural crest . * These cells induce the overlying ectoderm to start tooth development . * Which begins in anterior portion of what will be the future maxilla and mandible and prooced posteriorly . GERM LAYER Enamel organ: This develops from the dental lamina and hence is  ectodermal in origin and is primarily involved in formation of enamel. Dental papilla : This component is ectomesenchymal in origin and gives rise  to dentin and pulp. Dental follicle or sac: This is also an ectomesenchymal component and is responsible fo...
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Maxillary Central Incisor

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MAXILLARY CENTRAL INCISOR Introduction *   Centre in the maxilla , one on either side of the median line, with mesial surface of each in contact with mesial surface of other. * Two in number. * Larger than lateral incisor. * These teeth supplementary to each other in function , and they are similar anatomically . * Shearing and cutting teeth . * Major function is punch and cut food material during the process of mastication. CONTACT AREA Mesial - Incisal third very near or approaching in the Incisal angle . Distal - Near the junction of Incisal and middle third . LABIAL ASPECT * Crown outline is trapezoidal. * Length of crown is usually greater than mesiodistally width. * Outline of crown - # mesial slightly convex. # distal outline more convex.  * Mesio-incisal angle is sharp , Disto-incisal angle rounded. * Incisal outline regular and straight in mesiodistal direction . * Root is cone shape with a regularly blunt apex . LINGUAL ASPECT * Smooth convexity at the cervical third...
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Trigeminal nerve

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           TRIGEMINAL NERVE Fifth cranial nerve is the largest cranial nerve. It comprises three branches, two of which are Purely sensory and third, the largest branch is mixed nerve. Trigeminal nerve is the nerve of first brachial arch. Ophtholmic Nerve Division Ophthalmic nerve is sensory. Its branches are:   FRONTAL - 1). Supratrochlear: Upper eyelid,  conjunctiva, lower part of forehead. 2). Supraorbital: Frontal air sinus, upper eyelid, forehead, scalp till vertex . NASOCILIARY - 1). Posterior ethmoidal: Sphenoidal air sinus, posterior ethmoidal air sinuses. 2). Long cilary : Sensory to eyeball. 3). Branch to ciliary ganglion. 4). Infra Trochlear: Both eyelids, side of nose, Iacrimal sac. 5). Anterior Ethmoidal: a. Middle and anterior ethmoidal sinuses b. Medial internal nasal c. Lateral internal nasal d. External nasal: Skin of ala of vestibule and tip of nose. LACRIMAL - Lateral part of upper eyelid; conveys secretomotor fibres from zygoma...
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Glucose metabolism

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GLUCOSE METABOLISM Nutrition -  The Science how the body Utilize food to meet requirements for development growth repair and maintenance. Carbohydrate , fat , protein , minerals , water and vitamin daily intake per day glucose = 310grams . CARBOHYDRATE - Most abundant organic molecule on earth . Carbohydrates are defined as the aldehyde or ketone derivatives of polyhydroxy .    1)    Monosaccharides  - Ribose , glucose , Erythrose .    2)    Disaccharides - Sucrose , lactose    3)    Oligosaccharides - Maltotriose    4)    Polysaccharides - Starch , Cellulose , dextrin and dextran . FUNCTION OF CARBOHYDRATE   -   # Maine source of energy in body . # Production from crabs will be 4 kcalories . # Storage of energy ( Starch & Glycogen ) . # Excess carbohydrate is converted into fat . # Glycoproteins and Glycolipids are component of cell membrane .  B...
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Parotid gland

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PAROTID GLAND Parotid region contain the largest serous salivary gland and the “ Q ueen  O f T he F ace” the facial vein. *  The parotid gland is the largest of salivary gland. *  Weight 25-30gm. *  Situated below the external acoustic meatus between the ramus of mandible and sternocleidomastoid muscle. CAPSULE OF PAROTID GLAND * The investing layer of the deep cervical fascia forms a capsule for the gland. *  The fascia splits (between the angle of the mandible and the mastoid process ) to enclose the gland. *  The superficial lamina is thick and dense attach to gland & attached to the zygomatic arch. *  The deep lamina is thin and it attached to styloid process. EXTERNAL FEATURE The gland has four surfaces - a) Superior (base of the pyramid) b) Superficial c) Anteriomedial d) Posteromedial The surface are separated by three border - a) Anterior b) Posterior c) Medial RELATION # Surface :- 1) Superior - a) External Acoustic Meatus b) Posterior Sur...
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